Backhouse [a missionary] reported that this happened every year among the Ngqika, and that the chiefs were not always victorious. It does not follow that pre-colonial forms of traditional rule should be resurrected intact today. Lest the past be romanticised, it has to be acknowledged that there have also been cases of aberration from or distortion of these norms, with negative implications for affected communities. The system works well because, contrary to what arrogant politicians, leftist control freaks and detractors of anything traditional may think, people and communities are of sound intellect, act rationally and know best how to identify and prioritise their needs. Some of the changes have been impelled by the emancipation of women from the stranglehold of traditional patriarchy. Given the above, the PSC decided to assess the role played by Public Service leadership in promoting intergovernmental relations in the three spheres of government through planning and coordination of the development The point here is that the parameters of local government in rural areas should not be too narrowly defined. These findings also reinforce the importance of the ACELG/LGMA National Workforce Strategy 2013 -2020 (2013), which provides a comprehensive, consistent national approach to local government workforce planning and development. GGA sourced data from, among others, Statistics South Africa, auditor-general reports, National Treasury, and the 2013-2015 Gaffney Local Government in South Africa Yearbook. Godfrey Callaway, Pioneers in Pondoland, The Lovedale Press, 1930. Those ... leadership, skills deficits, insufficient attention to the role Lack of effective leadership is the main cause for Africa’s lagging behind from the rest of the world. We realise the importance of effective leadership in delivering the core local government mandate and get into the trenches to work with municipalities in dealing with their leadership and management development challenges by: Providing local government specific leadership development programmes to both political and management leadership spheres It makes an in-depth analysis of traditional leadership in the local governance process, both in the pre- and post-democratic local government dispensation. 5.9 OTHER ROLE PLAYERS IN LOCAL GOVERNMENT SERVICE DELIVERY 100 5.9.1 Municipal infrastructure support agency 101 5.9.2 South African Local Government Association 101 5.10 SERVICE DELIVERY CHALLENGES FACING LOCAL GOVERNMENT 102 5.11 CONCLUSION 103 REFERENCES 103 CHAPTER 6 N Tshishonga STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT ADMINISTRATION Traditional leaders live in the midst of the communities that they serve and are accessible to community members at all times; therefore their participation in local government would mean that government would be brought to the very doorstep of the community. Chiefs were therefore constantly preoccupied with retaining the loyalty of their followers.’5. specifically a South African perspective, it would be irresponsible and unfortunate if the importance of traditional leadership and traditional law were to be overshadowed by political short-sightedness or the failure to provide for their proper recognition and OLG as a platform for local government to participate in national and provincial IGR structures was given a role in these intergovernmental structures and forums. This would ensure effective and direct accountability to an extent which would not be possible within the conventional democratic process. a person in senior management level with both management and leadership abilities in the South African public service. 6 Contralesa, The Custodian, Hansard Retroprint, October 2002. South Africa’s Medium Term Strategic Framework (2014 to 2019) identifies the following sub-outcomes to ensure a responsive, accountable, effective and efficient developmental local government system. Patience, a key to great leadership. Sometimes this happens without any consultation with the affected communities. South Africa’s first democratic government inherited a fragmented, unaccountable and racially divided ... largely without local government, and the services they provided were determined by the apartheid state. To quote Jeff Peires once more, concerning the Xhosa kingdom: ‘Desertion or the threat of desertion was the most common and most probably the most effective means of resistance open to commoners. The magazine of local government. One of the distinguishing features of governance in rural areas, specifically in the former reserves or ‘bantustans’, is the persistence of elements of traditional, pre-colonial political structures and organisational forms. SALGA is made up of nine provincial associations. However, in the rural areas, this has not been the case, apparently because people in these areas have not been as vociferous as their metropolitan counterparts in articulating their concerns. It should also be possible for rural communities to contribute, through their representatives, to wider policy debates, at provincial and national level. It can thus be seen that the ever present threat of migration has in the past acted as an effective check against tyrannical tendencies on the part of traditional leaders. This is participatory democracy at its best, as opposed to the dictatorial majoritarian tendencies which characterise conventional democratic systems. A brief historical overview of traditional leadership in South Africa. According to tradition, the traditional leader would preside over the discussion of issues pertaining to service delivery and he or she would encourage people to identify and prioritise community needs. iv . In my opinion, it has to be accepted that communities know best what their priorities are, or ought to be. It is also the right way to go if we wish to improve service delivery and development in such areas. The Republic of South Africa has drawn increasing attention from the international community for its new approaches towards solving a variety of problems and thus enhancing good governance in Africa in general. Such problems include, but are not limited to, poverty and systemic corruption. The administrator of each province was appointed by the central government and presided over an executive committee representing the majority party in the council. When this happens politicians will not be able to ride roughshod over the interests of the people. But it is now a universal precept that equality for all be respected as a fundamental right of democracy and human decency. Therefore, local government excellence that manifests in effective and efficient service provision will not materialise if this situation of inadequacy prevails, posing a comprehensive challenge to municipalities in the Free State. If their role were to be sufficiently appreciated and correctly understood, service delivery could be enhanced in a way that would surpass the standards of metropolitan local municipalities in this regard. traditional leaders in South Africa is sustainable. This direct, participatory principle of traditional African governance, married with the electoral principle of western democracy would mutually reinforce and deepen democracy. importance of community participation in development projects a case of Dodoma Municipal council focusing on Makole and Chang‟ombe wards. In Switzerland today, at the level of local government, communities are entitled to hold referenda on issues that concern them directly. It is often said … This means that, conceptually, it is not an accomplished fact. In other words, pressure seems to bring about results. If you know how local government is supposed to work, you will find it easier to identify when it is not working, or when something is wrong. In the case of elected representatives, the matter would be resolved by regular elections. In exceptionally difficult cases, the community might invite another traditional authority to mediate. This is certainly one of the primary reasons strong ethics are paramount when it comes to overseeing the activities of local government. With these aspects of local government in mind, attention will be directed towards the typical As local government is the sphere of government that is the closest to the people and provides services to communities, it is important to understand what this level of government is all about. Help FMF promote the rule of law, personal liberty, and economic freedom, government; traditional leadership; service delivery, Minimum wage laws lead to surging youth unemployment, Indien sosialisme ons voorland is, wag daar gróót moeilikheid, Why SA should reform indigenous common law for the modern era, In keeping SAA, government shows where its priorities lie. In short they know best what is in their best interests. It is interesting that the government seems inclined to respond to such pressures with ever more commitments to address the grievances expressed. In 1997, the South African Local Government Association (SALGA) was recognised for the purposes of fulfilling this role. The important thing about this mechanism is that the power vests with the people directly. Paper on Traditional Leadership and Governance:2003). Important considerations relating to traditional leadership from a South African perspective. South Africa has seen remarkable improvements in the transformation of the institution of traditional leadership in terms of composition, functions and legal manifestations. The power of any chief was limited by what his subordinates were prepared to accept. Historically, traditional leadership has acted as the glue that binds communities together . Developmental local government requires political leadership which creates opportunities to account to the community over and above regular elections. This means the colonial government could rule African subjects by executive decree, rather than the normal legislative process.19 In most parts of South Africa, the customary powers of traditional leaders remained more or less intact.20 The Orange Free State was an exception to this rule. But this is not enough. The State of Local Government Report in South Africa, 2009 Local government should not be restricted to matters technically defined as local, lest the door be closed upon innovative and creative thinking which might enrich policy making at both provincial and national levels. The South African Local Government Association [SALGA] is the official representative of local government. Leadership in South Africa . Even in developed democracies the challenge has always been to find ways of improving the system, underpinned by the principle that the people have the right to decide on issues that affect them. Traditional communities and institutions have had to adapt to change, though some have yet to embrace this reality. The Constitution of South Africa is the supreme law in the land. Mkhize made the remarks during a meeting on Tuesday with the leader of Moral Regeneration Movement (MRM) ... South African Government News. 3.6.9 Governance structures in South Africa 75 3.6.9.1 Public Service Commission 75 3.6.9.2 Public Protector 76 3.6.9.3 Auditor-General 77 3.6.10 Batho Pele Principles 77 3.7 LEADERSHIP AND GOVERNACE IN AFRICA 78 3.8 UBUNTU IN AFRICAN LEADERSHIP AND GOVERNANCE 80 3.9 LINK BETWEEN LEADERSHIP AND GOVERNANCE IN SERVICE DELIVERY 82 Any law or conduct that is in conflict with the Constitution is invalid. The involvement of traditional leadership at local government level in rural areas will help to achieve this end. Where decisions are taken by elected representatives, projects are very often imposed on communities by people who purport to know what is good for them. 5.2.1 Constitution Chapter 7 of the 1996 Constitution of the Republic of South Africa deals with the local government. We need external perspective as CoGTA on how we can instil ethical leadership in local government,” said Minister Mkhize. This basically means that, should the community be dissatisfied with the performance or general conduct of the representative traditional leader, it would exercise the recall mechanism via consensus-driven deliberations, which should result in a unanimous resolution in this regard. Leadership and service. Your report has been submitted. Since our launch in January 2013, Corruption Watch has received a high volume of reports uncovering corrupt activities at local government level. When the transition to democracy took place, South Africa inherited a dysfunctional local govern- A brief historical overview of traditional leadership in South Africa. T~E ROLE OF AFRICAN TRADITIONAL LEADERSHIP IN MODERN DEMOCRATIC SOUTH AFRICA: SERVICE PROVISIONING IN RURAL AREAS BY PHUTI SOLOMON MATLOA: STUDENT NO: 204000139 Submitted in Part Fulfilment for the Requirements for the Degree Each was governed by a white-elected provincial council with limited legislative powers. All vestiges of discrimination against women in favour of men must be totally obliterated in whatever form they might manifest themselves. Municipalities are responsible for the following functions: … Moreover, in many cases, even as they start out as elected leaders, these elected representatives soon degenerate into de facto apparatchiks deployed by their political parties. and structure of local government, it is important to define local government and understand the meaning of local government democracy and values. W­«Å—j‰`ɳb‡ù=PzX›Ñâ-ç“ûÔízœl]Ww£[þ7nýÅÁ3O³AâÉïpi¦˜@D(6®~zèõð`ãd—ñBþ˜`ù«Õk ì½ *ù6¨9£Å‰Œ*93ZœÈh$QÊxë4M*LœUì¿ð:Ç?qCªÞ$–¦8Ìx±ô¯iό«g½-:îý¸âž{{Ñ?çÑôúbÍ$/™ýg\õk¸òÓp­® rYeL In the case of excessive exactions, there might even be an open resort to arms. They are becoming more the norm than the exception. The downside of this is that, as the party leaders are very far distanced from local communities, they are not conversant with their concerns and unaware of their changing needs. But mediation should be initiated by the communities themselves, so that they own the process. local government in focusing resources into local communities to facilitate development and economic growth. All obligations that are imposed by the Constitution, including those on local government, must be fulfilled. Whatever structure one chose, power would have to be vested in the people, as is consistent with democratic principles. • Members of society have sustainable and reliable access to basic services. SUMMARY The Constitution of South Africa, 1996, (the Constitution) is the supreme law of the country and its ultimate goal is to improve the quality of life of all citizens and free the potential of each person. xœ•VmoÚ0þŽÄ¸¶4ÜرDš&ñ֖ hÕ±MÚ´YI!„.¤«úïw琖°˜"E~9?÷Üs縸…÷ï/&ýÑ. South Africa: University of Cape Town Press Brynard (1996:44) in Kakumba and Nsingo, Journal of Public Administration, Vol 43. It is in this context that the question of the role of traditional leaders in the rural areas becomes germane. Their focus is their “ Right to Know programs” (IDASA, 2012 ). The severity of patriarchal forms has varied from one traditional community to another. The significance of public sector leadership becomes apparent in the light of the important role of the public sector in providing services to the society at large. This underscores the case for traditional leaders being accommodated in the structures of local government in the rural areas of South Africa. Supreme Chief of the African people. As a check against abuse of power, corruption or dereliction of duty, once a traditional leader has been recognised as the appropriate person to serve at local government level, he or she should be subject to a recall mechanism. Moreover, the kingship possessed symbolic and emotional associations which transcended its narrow political functions. It might find itself in competition with metropolitan areas where most businesses are located and it might be obliged to intervene in larger debates about economic policy. The difference between African and Asian countries, many of which started their history as states at the same point in the 1960s, is striking. This demand also arises from the communities which have been promised a better life by the new democratic government of South Africa. important during this period when the African Continent is looking upon South Africa to host a successful 2010 FIFA World Cup. It is a necessary though not a sufficient condition of efficient service delivery and the socio-economic development of communities in these areas. It is also the right way to go if we wish to improve service delivery and development in such areas. This underscores the case for traditional leaders being accommodated in the structures of local government in the rural areas of South Africa. This process has occurred in virtually all corners of the world over the past two centuries, but in the African context it has tended to stubbornly persist. For example, a community might wish to attract investment by means of a policy instrument such as lower tax rates or improved infrastructure. There is a direct link between Good Governance, effective leadership and economic prosperity. These constitutional and legislative frameworks include the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996 (RSA, Act 108 of 1996) and the Local Government: Municipal Finance Management Act, 2003 (RSA, Act 56 of 2003). Local governments were designed with the purpose of creating order in ways that serve the general public democratically. The Institute for Democracy in South Africa promotes accountability as an important part of protecting publi c rights. Proper distribution of municipality capacity and improved levels of service delivery will be maintained if other spheres of government play an instrumental role for local government to perform. In short they know best what is in their best interests. Important considerations relating to traditional leadership from a South African perspective. Ethical leadership needed in local government Wednesday, June 20, 2018 Concerned at the number of councillors being killed, Cooperative Governance and Traditional Affairs (CoGTA) Minister Zweli Mkhize says local government could benefit from a sensitisation programme on ethical leadership. These protests are sometimes accompanied by violence and destruction of property. South Africa - South Africa - Local government: Local government was established in 1909 when the four former colonies became provinces. Occasionally coups have been staged, but significantly the toppled chiefs have always been replaced by another traditional leader, thereby maintaining a sense of continuity and stability. In his book Pioneers in Pondoland, published in 1930, the Anglican missionary Godfrey Callaway states the following with particular reference to Faku, the supreme traditional leader of amaMpondo: Writing in a more critical idiom about precolonial Xhosa chiefs, the historian Jeff Peires has said: ‘The ideology of royal domination never replaced the homely idiom of the family in Xhosa political discourse. While this may be a painstakingly slow and laborious process, ultimately it results in decisions which will be owned by the entire community. This has prompted the author to use this South African concept as well as the first experiences with the implementation of the new local government dispensation as a case study.The importance of the book thus lies in the fact that it produces an institutional model for developmental local government that is not only based on development and decentralisation theories but is also tested in practice. The notion of public service being associated with leadership is widely discredited, not only in South Africa but also in other countries. Paper on Local Government and the Municipal Systems Act contain provisions that enjoin local government to promote the fundamental rights to environment. The constitutional and legislative frameworks that underpin governance in municipalities are identified and explained. The indicators were equally weighted although not equally distributed, with the service delivery category comprising eight indicators, while economic development had four and administration three. Introduction. The king was the “very personification of government” and the symbol of national unity.’4. êèEW)ÕI2çã§#xBþL”*£§Uñ®}Á®C…ì;Ç-y“^E²Möü$XmùŠ¡Ž’Ÿ Local government – Key medium-term goals for 2019. 2 J.B. Peires, The house of Phalo: a history of the Xhosa people in the days of their independence (Ravan Press, 1981), 41. of understanding the importance of sound decision making in leadership recruitment in local government. Lack of trust in the leadership relationships amongst political and … There is a reasonable understanding on the roles of municipal councillors but traditional councils seemed not to be clear about their roles and policy issues in general. Local municipalities join their provincial association. Local government in South Africa has undergone radical and almost continual The role and future of traditional leaders in South Africa Traditional authorities play an important role in South Africa. In striving to achieve this goal, he Constitutiont established (among others) the local sphere of government with the objectives of “Ethical leadership is important as it can lead to good governance, whilst also ensuring efficient and effective functioning municipalities”, said Deputy Minister Nel. The discourse on local democracy in Africa, also takes into account the phenomenon of traditional leadership that is constitutionally recognised in South Africa and the role and functioning of traditional leaders in democratic government. Local Government, Local Governance and Sustainable Development Getting the Parameters Right Introduction Since 1994, South Africa has experienced a steep learning curve with regard to institutional design in general, and local government in particular. What is wrong with local government? The role and importance of the institution of traditional leadership in local government affairs. Each was governed by a white-elected provincial council with limited legislative powers. When the transition to democracy took place, South Africa inherited a dysfunctional local govern- ment system, based on inappropriate jurisdictions, structures and programmes.During the past eight years,great progress has been made in designing municipal systems and governmental principles intended to promote sustainable development. It is significant that when addressing the National House of Traditional Leaders in Parliament on the 8th May 2000 when he was Deputy President of the country, Mr Jacob Zuma (Nxamalala!) This would involve the exercise of traditional and uniquely African forms of consensus-driven decision- making. This paper aims to explore the problematic of public policies and leadership challenges for socio-economic transformation in South Africa. South Africa is the only case in Africa where op-position parties happen to control some of the local governments. The political position of the chief was too weak for the dominant ideology to take the form of a naked assertion of authority. In former times, dissatisfied subjects have voted with their feet, migrating beyond the reach of such tyrants, and re-establishing themselves within the jurisdictions of neighbouring chiefs whose rule was more to their liking. Traditional leaders and communities who do not take cognisance of this will find that the quality of service delivery in their localities is not optimised and their communities do not develop to their full potential. The complexity of the public sector, the variety of leadership challenges within, and the many competing views of leadership mean that extensive evidence is diffi cult to obtain. Inappropriate political interference in administrative matters as well as strained relations between key political and administrative officials in the … The full participation of women entails the unleashing of intellectual and physical resources which have hitherto been excluded or marginalised in the historical development of rural communities. In striving to achieve this goal, he Constitutiont established (among others) the local sphere of government with the objectives of Executive elections and decisions on policies and programmes happen at provincial or national general meetings. emphasised this point by stating with respect to his topic - ‘The evolution of a democratic system’: Scholars acknowledge that democracy is a process. 5.9 OTHER ROLE PLAYERS IN LOCAL GOVERNMENT SERVICE DELIVERY 100 5.9.1 Municipal infrastructure support agency 101 5.9.2 South African Local Government Association 101 5.10 SERVICE DELIVERY CHALLENGES FACING LOCAL GOVERNMENT 102 5.11 CONCLUSION 103 REFERENCES 103 CHAPTER 6 N Tshishonga STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT … responds to local needs, conditions and capacities. While the demands expressed in the context of these protests sometimes relate to the national or provincial tiers of government, in most cases they accentuate service delivery issues that belong in the sphere of local government. This debate does not An earlier and shorter version of r~lis paper appears in Constitutiun and Law lV: Collo­ q!lium on Local Cowrnment Law: Seminar Report 2002 No 14 Konr,HJ-Adenauer-Sriflung. South African communities, has led to the need for capacitated municipal institutions that will improve the quality of life for our people. Number 2, June 2008 Powell, D, 2009. This study focused on analysing the principle of separation of powers at local government level, while navigating through the political and administrative dichotomy in South Africa. Not everyone is, however, prepared to recognise them as role players. iv . The main objective of the study was to evaluate the importance of community participation in development projects at local level and the study was guided by four specific objectives which were The legitimacy of traditional leadership is historically rooted in a centuries-old continuum of political traditions. Society, culture and democracy are dynamic and not static. […] However, such leadership is rare in the public sector, not only in the South African public service, but also in most countries. Our new series will explain the powers, duties and responsibilities granted to local government by the Constitution of South Africa. Transformational leadership in the South African public service after the April 2009 national elections Authors: Manasseh M. Mokgolo1 Patricia Mokgolo2 Mike Modiba3 Affiliations: 1Department of Human Resources Management, University of South Africa, South Africa 2Learning and Development Unit, Tromso Management Consultants CC, Boyne, South Africa There is also the risk (especially in the context of proportional representation) that elected representatives are more accountable to their party hierarchies than to the people who elected them. Chapter 7 of the Constitution deals with local government and sets out its overall objectives. The administrator of each province was appointed by the central government and presided over an executive committee representing the majority party in the council. In this regard therefore the role of councillors as political leaders in local government is of signifi cance as councillors are elected to provide political direction and leadership in municipalities. Just as the system of co-operative government was developed in acknowledgement of the diversity of the needs and concerns of the population of South Africa, so the Constitution established the right of communities living under For the execution of his orders he depended on the commoners themselves.’3 And again: ‘… absolute domination was no part of the Xhosa political ethic. Basu (1994:118) identifies politics as This manifests itself in the unsympathetic, condescending and sometimes downright arrogant manner in which they relate to their constituencies. As an eighteen year old democracy with eleven official languages, four major race groups and forty six years of apartheid, South Africa today is a complex society in need of a very special brand of leadership. Thank you. Where traditional leaders are concerned, the first hurdle would be for the community to agree on the identity of the traditional leaders whom they regard as their legitimate representatives. 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