Nitrogen deposition has decreased as well, but to a lesser extent. Acid rain is caused by a chemical reaction that begins when compounds such as sulphur dioxide and oxides of nitrogen are released into the air. The monthly variation of acid rain at Lin'an RBS was mainly attributed to precipitation variation, the increasing and decreasing of monthly incoming wind from SSE-WSW and NWN-ENE sections of wind direction. Another problem is it harms thousands of lakes, rivers, and streams worldwide. TREND ANALYSIS OF WEEKLY ACID RAIN DATA 1978-83 By Terry L. Schertz and Robert M. Hirsch ABSTRACT There are 19 stations in the National Atmospheric Deposition Program which operated over the period 1978-83 and were subsequently incorporated into the National Trends Network in 1983. In: Encyclopedia of Earth. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Environmental analysis Acid Rain Environmental studies usually involve an analysis of precipitation and its response to pollution. However, analysis of the current status and development trends in AR research area has seldom been systematically studied. RAINS-ASIA is a scenario-generating tool used to estimate the extent of damages caused by acid rain and to review the costs and impacts of alternatives to provide a look into the future. Also, sulfurous gases are discharged from erupted volcanoes and rotting vegetation. The widespread fear that acid rain is having or may have devastating effects has prompted international debates and legislative proposals. An analysis of research on the effects of acid rain, however, reveals serious questions concerning the applicability and validity of conclusions of much of the work and thus conclusive estimations of impacts are lacking. Acid rain is caused by nitrogen oxides and sulfur dioxide produced by both natural processes and the combustion of fossil fuels. What Causes Acid Rain? The phrase acid rain was first used in 1852 by Scottish chemist Robert Angus Smith during his investigation of rainwater chemistry near industrial cities in England and Scotland. With wind speed upgrading, the frequency of acid rain and the proportion of severe acid rain were declining, the pH value of precipitation was reducing too. Causes of Acid Rain: Acid rain is a form of pollution that can cause of lot of damage to natural ecosystems, to man-made objects, as well can harm to human health. These monitoring efforts support research and policy on air quality issues. Acid rain primarily means the deposition of acidic elements in the forms of precipitation, which can be snow, rain, dew or fog. • What are the harmful impacts of the pollution? Trees suffer the effects of acidification when other stress factors are also present, such as tree diseases, storms, cold weather, droughts, or … What’s more, rain pH levels can vary significantly over short distances and in a short amount of time, even during the same rainfall. This paper is organized as follow: Section I gives an introduction about aging of non ceramic insulators. in Chemistry in Context (third ed.). A pH level of 0 to 7 is considered acidic; 7 is neural; and a level above 7 is alkaline. Human effects: Acidic water moving through pipes causes lead and copper to leach into the water. These substances can rise very high up into the atmosphere, where they mix and react with water, oxygen, and other chemicals to form more acidic pollutants called acid rain. By Christopher Grundler. This May, as EPA celebrates “Improving the Nation’s Air” Month, we salute the resounding success story of the Acid Rain Program (ARP). Eds. Scientists continue to try to fully understand acid rain and its long-term effects on the environment and on human health. Only a few fish species can survive at a pH of below 5; at a pH of 4, the lake is considered dead. When nitrogen oxides (NOx) and sulfur dioxide (NO2) are released into the atmosphere, they react with water and create sulfuric and nitric acids. A healthy lake has a pH of 6.5 or higher. Analysis of Natural Buffer Systems and the Impact of Acid Rain. The National Atmospheric Deposition Program (NADP) at the Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene, University of Wisconsin-Madison, maintains five networks with more than 350 deposition monitoring sites. NADP monitoring data show that wet sulfate deposition has decreased an average of 30 percent since the early 1990s in the eastern United States. It is noted that if the amount of acid formed becomes very large, the plant species may become extinct. Over the past decades, research has confirmed that excessive acid deposition is damaging to natural ecosystems. STEP 2: Reading The Acid Rain Harvard Case Study:. Electric power generation accounted for 69 percent of total sulfur dioxide emissions in the U.S. in 2007 and 20 percent of nitrogen oxides, according to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). Ion chromatography (IC) is a convenient and reliable technique for determining low concentrations of inorganic anions in acid rain… There are two types of deposition processes: wet and dry. Nitrogen oxides are formed through the extreme heating of air when a thunderstorm produces lightning. The slight natural acidity of normal rain is due to the presence of carbonic acid (H2C03), which is formed by the reaction of atmospheric carbon dioxide (C02) with water. 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